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In the history of Afghanistan, there have been many mighty rulers and sovereigns, however, one stood out from all of them. He was a pious, patriotic, and merciful man who had all the profound traits of an exceptional leader, and ruled his lands with justice. He not only became the hero of all Afghans but also saved Islam in the subcontinent. In this video, we will go through the chapters of the life of Ahmad Shah Durrani, the Afghan ruler who united the Afghan tribes and became the founder of modern Afghanistan, as well as the father of his nation. Ahmad Shah Durrani Ahmad Khan Abdali was born in Herat, in 1723. He was the son of Zaman Khan, and the grandson of Dawlat Khan. He was from the Pashtun Sadouzai Tribe, a sub tribe of the Abdali Tribe. The story starts in 1732 CE, in Farah, Afghanistan, when Ahmad Khan's older brother, Zulfiqar Khan was defeated by his enemies. Zulfiqar Khan took his younger brother Ahmad Khan...
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Sulayman Shah or Gunduz Alp: Who was the Father of Ertugrul Ghazi?
Sulayman Shah: the name that is famous all throughout the world, known to have been the name of the father of Ertugrul. Meanwhile, the name Gunduz Alp is known to have been the name of Ertugrul's eldest son. Though, in reality, there is a lot more to these two names than that which most people know of.
According to the Ottoman legend, which was made hundreds of years after the establishment of the empire, Sulayman Shah, the son of Kaya Alp, was the father of Ertugrul. But in reality, most historians (Ahmedi, Karani Mehmed Pasha, Enveri, and Ruhi, who are among the sources of the early Ottoman period) agree that it was actually Gunduz Alp, the son of Gok Alp, who was the father of Ertugrul. The reason being, in the coins minted by Osman during his reign were found "Osman bin Ertugrul bin Gunduz Alp." This alone is an evidence too great to dismiss. On top of that, it was a common tradition to name one's son after their father. Thus, it makes perfect sense that Ertugrul would name his eldest son Gunduz as well.
Now that we can agree that Gunduz Alp was the father of Ertugrul, there remains the great question: "who on Earth was Sulayman Shah?" The answer to that is a little more complicated. The historian Erhan Afyoncu states that in a work titled "Oguzname," which was written during the 15th century at the command of Sultan Murad II, by Yazici Zade Ali, the grandfather of Osman Ghazi was named Gunduz Alp. But a "Suleyman Alp" among the great grandfathers of Osman Ghazi was also listed. Thus, it is possible that Suleyman Shah may have well been an ancestor of Osman.
On the other hand, there is considerable evidence that the Sulayman Shah in the tomb many believe to have been the tomb of Ertugrul's father is actually the tomb of a Seljuk Turkmen. Presumably, the fact this his title is "Shah," a persianized Seljuk title, is evidence of his nearness to the Seljuk Turks.
According to some historians, Sulayman Shah, after drawing in the Euphrates River, was replaced by his wife Hayme Ana, and upon the Seljuk Sultan Ala'eddin's suggestion, they settled in Karacadag, then Domanic and then Sogut. But according to other historians, the person that actually drowned was Kilic Arslan I, the son of Suleyman Bin Qutlamish, the Seljuk ruler of Anatolia. Kilic Arslan died after battle due to falling off his horse and drowning because of his heavy armor. Moreover, even if the drowned person was not Sulayman Shah, it is still not possible in chronological timing for him to be the father of Ertugrul, as there would be a near exact 100 years difference between him and Ertugrul Ghazi, who is believed to have been born in 1181. This situation does not make a father-son relationship possible.
Historians Necib Asim and Mehmed Arif give Suleyman Shah's date of death, who is mentioned as Kaya Alp's son in Ottoman history as 1228. This aligns with historical chronology and brings to light the possibility of another Suleyman Shah, who died in the early 13th century. Therefore, the belief that Suleyman Shah is Ertugrul's father may be related to another Suleyman Shah. It cannot be said that there is no historical background and character regarding him. As in his book, the historian Afyoncu states that it has not been determined exactly which Sulayman Shah lies in the tomb, but there is a very strong possibility that he is one of the ancestors of Osman Ghazi.
Konur Alp was a prominent commander who was known for his very commendable military skills during the early stages of the Ottoman Empire. He played a very important role in the conquest of the regions between Akyazi and Anadolu Kavagi. Konur Alp was among Osman Ghazi's closest companions, as well as Orhan Ghazi's greatest comrades. Nevertheless, what do we know about the life of of Konur Alp? Prior to becoming the head of the Kayi Tribe, Osman Ghazi took part in many campaigns and expeditions. During this time, he had a couple of close friends who would accompany him to every place he would go. These close friends of his would be with him in every hardship that he was to face. And so, after decades in accompanying Osman Ghazi in all the raids and battles he would fight in; together, they would establish the Ottoman Empire. These close comrades of his were Turgut Alp, Samsa Cavus, Abdurrahman Ghazi, Aykut Alp, Saltuk Alp, Hasan Alp, Akca Koca, and ...
One of the most debated topics of early Ottoman History: Dundar Bey's death. Many great historians believe that Dundar Bey was not killed by his nephew, Osman I, while other notable sources claim he was. Some say he was killed by Osman's bow, while others argue he died of a natural cause. As a result, a question is frequently asked: how did Dundar Bey die in actual history? In order to come to a conclusion as to how Dundar died, we must look at his situation & the circumstances surrounding him. Dundar was among the 300 families to accompany Ertugrul Ghazi to the Byzantine border, despite the fact that roughly 1,000 families remained with Gundogdu & Sungurtekin. Though he had made several errors & mistakes, Dundar had remained loyal to his brother, Ertugrul Ghazi, and only dreamt of serving his nation. However, after the death of Ertugrul Ghazi, Dundar found a sense of ambition. He had been with Ertugrul Ghazi, ever since the beginning...
During the early era of the Ottoman Empire, there were many notable warriors & officials, whose lives were sacrificed for the creation of their state. Unfortunately, not much information remained from the astounding, early Ottoman heroes. Though, among them came a man whose bravery & valor was impressive to the point, that history remembered him during an era in which people were forgotten. He was the grandson of Ertugrul Ghazi, nephew of Osman Ghazi, & eldest son of Gunduz Alp: Aydogdu Bey. Aydogdu Bey's date of birth was estimated to be between 1284 and 1287, near the Byzantine border. He was personally trained by his uncle, Osman, and would grow up to become a very commendable warrior. From a very young age, Aydogdu would take part in many wars & battles along with Osman Ghazi. Osman would in turn, become so fond of his nephew, Aydogdu, that he would even send him as an ambassador to the Seljuq Sultan. The fact that su...
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